The European Union’s pursuit of self-sufficiency in critical raw materials (CRMs) is proving to be a challenging endeavor. These materials are essential for the EU’s clean energy transition and technological progress, and the bloc aims to reduce its reliance on imports while moving towards a greener, circular economy.
In response to this pressing need, the RAWMINA project was launched in 2021 with a budget of €9 million (approximately $10 million), funded by Horizon Europe. This initiative brings together 19 specialized partners from across the EU, the UK, and South America, with a focus on developing sustainable methods for extracting CRMs from mining waste.
Diego Morillo MartÃn, Project Coordinator from LEITAT, highlights the project’s achievements: “RAWMINA has successfully demonstrated a continuous and scalable system that integrates multiple innovative technologies for efficient and sustainable metal recovery from mine waste. This sets a new standard for the mining industry and showcases the potential of circular economy practices.”
An upcoming conference in Barcelona, co-hosted by LEITAT and the Autonomous University of Barcelona, will showcase RAWMINA’s successes and facilitate discussions on the future of CRM recovery. Despite such innovations, the EU faces challenges in meeting the ambitious goals outlined in the Critical Raw Materials Act (CRMA), enacted in May 2024. This legislation sets high targets for CRM production within the EU by 2030.
However, current projections indicate that these targets may be overly ambitious, raising concerns about their impact on the EU’s climate objectives and efforts to reduce dependence on Chinese raw material exports.
Johanna Bernsel from the European Commission acknowledges these challenges but reaffirms the EU’s commitment to advancing projects that align with the CRMA goals. She stated, “We will do our best to promote projects that help meet the goals in the CRMA. Initiatives in Europe will benefit from a streamlined permitting process and coordinated support for accessing de-risking financing tools and connecting with downstream users.”
The CRMA’s rollout has sparked interest in mineral mining and processing initiatives across the EU. Governments are adjusting regulations to encourage local mining activities, and businesses are exploring the establishment of processing sites. The law is also driving research into alternative materials and recycling strategies.
Nevertheless, the path forward is fraught with challenges. The demand for rare earth minerals in the EU is expected to increase, further emphasizing the need for sustainable and reliable supply chains.
As Europe navigates this complex landscape, initiatives like RAWMINA highlight potential pathways to success. Diego concluded, “By fostering dialogue with stakeholders and the public, we aim to build trust and support for sustainable mining practices, encouraging cooperation and market development.”
