The Critical Raw Materials Act (CRMA), recently enacted by the European Union, aims to bolster the security of the bloc’s raw materials supply by 2030. This legislation mandates that the EU must domestically extract 10% of its strategic raw materials demand, process 40% within the EU, and obtain 25% through recycling. However, a study led by the Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research ISI highlights significant challenges and requirements to achieve these goals.
Key findings of the study
- Need for additional expertise and new technologies:
- The study emphasizes the necessity for expanded expertise and the development of new technologies across the entire supply and value chains. This includes the exploration of raw material deposits, novel extraction and processing methods, and advancements in circular economy practices and recycling techniques.
- Strategic and large-scale investments:
- To meet the CRMA targets, the EU must consider substantial investments similar to those allocated for other critical technologies. This would support research and innovation capabilities, enhancing the EU’s global position in these fields.
- Expansion of monitoring and analysis capacities:
- Enhancing monitoring and analysis capabilities would be beneficial for tracking progress and making informed decisions.
- Addressing social and environmental concerns:
- The study suggests strengthening research in the social sciences to address local resistance to mining projects. It advocates for participation processes and conflict resolution approaches to mitigate environmental and social concerns.
- International cooperation:
- The EU should foster cooperation not only within Europe but also with international partners, including the USA, Japan, and notably China. Despite China’s dominance in the raw materials market, collaboration could help diversify and secure supply chains.
Recommendations for implementation
- Strategic investments:
- The study proposes strategic investments to support the necessary research and innovation. These investments should be on par with those allocated to other key technologies to ensure comprehensive development across the supply chain.
- Research funding:
- While the CRMA references existing funding programs like Horizon Europe and Global Gateway, there is a call for dedicated financial resources. Bernd Schäfer, CEO of EIT Raw Materials, has suggested the creation of a specific fund for the extraction of critical minerals essential to the European economy.
Conclusion
Achieving the goals set by the CRMA will require a multifaceted approach involving substantial investments, technological advancements, social research, and international cooperation. The expansion of research and innovation capacities, coupled with strategic investments and dedicated funding, will be crucial to ensuring the EU’s raw materials supply security and reducing dependency on external sources.
